Resumen
La presente revisión sistemática tuvo como objetivo caracterizar la sintomatología depresiva que compone los dominios de la depresión en los adultos mayores. Para la búsqueda de los artículos se utilizaron las bases de datos Pubmed, Scopus y Scielo, con restricción en el idioma; se incluyeron estudios transversales, longitudinales y retrospectivos, cuya calidad fue evaluada usando el instrumento STROBE para estudios observacionales. Los criterios publicados por la Colaboración Cochrane fueron adoptados para esta revisión. Un total de 3337 artículos fueron identificados en las bases de datos electrónicas, incluyéndose 15 artículos para la síntesis cualitativa, los cuales cuentan con una buena calidad metodológica. Se encontró que los desórdenes del sueño, la falta de energía y un bajo estado anímico son síntomas de la depresión frecuentemente reportados por los adultos mayores; además, la ideación suicida se encuentra entre los síntomas que mejor explica la depresión en esta población, aunque no es tan reportado. El GDS es el instrumento más utilizado para evaluar la depresión en el adulto mayor, pero no tiene en cuenta los síntomas somáticos. Se concluye que la depresión geriátrica es multidimensional; por lo tanto, es necesario tener instrumentos que integren los síntomas identificados en esta revisión de la literatura.
Citas
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