Variación intencional en tareas de Teoría de la Mente Moralmente relevante (MoToM)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18270/chps..v18i2.3050Palabras clave:
juicio moral, Teoría de la Mente (ToM), Teoría de la Mente Moralmente Relevante (MoToM), lectura intencional, tarea de falsa creenciaResumen
La relación entre Teoría de la Mente (ToM) y juicio moral permitió el diseño de tareas de Teoría de la Mente Moralmente Relevantes (MoToM), las cuales integran la lectura intencional a la elaboración de dichos juicios. Este trabajo describe la producción de una variación de la MoToM en el juicio moral con lectura intencional en niños de 5 y 8 años, quienes aplicaron una tarea de MoToM y variación de esta, otorgando dos estimaciones del juicio moral, antes y después de la variación. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre edades ante la elaboración del juicio. Se confirmó la relación entre ToM y juicio moral, reconociendo otros aspectos del desarrollo, los cuales son fundamentales para la integración de la intencionalidad en la elaboración de juicios.
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Referencias bibliográficas
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D'Esterre, A. P., Rizzo, M. T., & Killen, M. (2019). Unintentional and intentional falsehoods: The role of morally relevant theory of mind. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 177, 53-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2018.07.013
Fu, G., Xiao, W. S., Killen, M., & Lee, K. (2014). Moral judgment and its relation to second-order theory of mind. Developmental Psychology, 50(8), 2085. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0037077
Geipel, J., Hadjichristidis, C., & Surian, L. (2016). Foreign language affects the contribution of intentions and outcomes to moral judgment. Cognition, 154, 34-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2016.05.010
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Greene, J., & Haidt, J. (2002). How (and where) does moral judgment work? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 6(12), 517-523. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1364-6613(02)02011-9
Greene, J. D., Sommerville, R. B., Nystrom, L. E., Darley, J. M., & Cohen, J. D. (2001). An fMRI investigation of emotional engagement in moral judgment. Science, 293(5537), 2105-2108. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1062872
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Killen, M., Mulvey, K. L., Richardson, C., Jampol, N., & Woodward, A. (2011). The
accidental transgressor: Morally-relevant theory of mind. Cognition, 119(2), 197-215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2011.01.006
Koster-Hale, J., Saxe, R., Dungan, J., & Young, L. L. (2013). Decoding moral judgments from neural representations of intentions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 201207992. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1207992110
Kuntoro, I. A., Dwiputri, G., & Adams, P. (2018). The contribution of parenting style and theory of mind to the understanding of morally relevant theory of mind in Indonesian children. Diversity in Unity: Perspectives from Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, 83 - 89. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315225302-11
Lane, J. D., Wellman, H. M., Olson, S. L., LaBounty, J., & Kerr, D. C. (2010). Theory of mind and emotion understanding predict moral development in early childhood. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 28(4), 871-889. https://doi.org/10.1348/026151009x483056
Li, L., Rizzo, M. T., Burkholder, A. R., & Killen, M. (2017). Theory of mind and resource allocation in the context of hidden inequality. Cognitive Development, 43, 25-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2017.02.001
Margoni, F., & Surian, L. (2017). Children’s intention-based moral judgments of
helping agents. Cognitive Development, 41, 46-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2016.12.001
Miller, S. A. (2009). Children’s understanding of second-order mental states. Psychological Bulletin, 135(5), 749. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016854
Monin, B., Pizarro, D. A., & Beer, J. S. (2007). Deciding versus reacting: Conceptions of moral judgment and the reason-affect debate. Review of general psychology, 11(2), 99-111. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.11.2.99
Moran, J. M. (2013). Lifespan development: The effects of typical aging on theory of mind. Behavioural Brain Research, 237, 32-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2012.09.020
Nobes, G., Panagiotaki, G., & Pawson, C. (2009). The influence of negligence, intention, and outcome on children’s moral judgments. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 104(4), 382-397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2009.08.001
Olson, K. R., & Spelke, E. S. (2008). Foundations of cooperation in young children. Cognition, 108(1), 222-231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2007.12.003
Ortiz, D. S. U., Botero, M. G., & Tobón, O. E. A. (2010). Teoría de la mente: una revisión acerca del desarrollo del concepto. Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Sociales, 1(1), 28-37. https://www.funlam.edu.co/revistas/index.php/RCCS/article/view/1169
Reddy, V., & Morris, P. (2004). Participants don’t need theories: knowing minds in engagement. Theory & Psychology, 14(5), 647-665. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230234383_5
Smetana, J. G., Jambon, M., Conry-Murray, C., & Sturge-Apple, M. L. (2012). Reciprocal Associations Between Young Children's Developing Moral Judgments and Theory of Mind. Developmental Psychology, 48(4), 1144-1155. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0025891
Sodian, B., Licata, M., Kristen‐Antonow, S., Paulus, M., Killen, M., & Woodward, A. (2016). Understanding of goals, beliefs, and desires predicts morally relevant theory of mind: A longitudinal investigation. Child Development, 87(4), 1221-1232. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12533
Tirapu-Ustárroz, J., Pérez-Sayes, G., Erekatxo-Bilbao, M., & Pelegrín-Valero, C. (2007). ¿Qué es la teoría de la mente? Revista de Neurología, 44(8), 479-489. https://doi.org/10.33588/rn.4408.2006295
Tomasello, M., & Vaish, A. (2013). Origins of human cooperation and morality. Annual review of psychology, 64, 231-255. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143812
Vaish, A., Carpenter, M., & Tomasello, M. (2010). Young children selectively avoid helping people with harmful intentions. Child Development, 81(6),
1661-1669. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01500.x
Wimmer, H., & Perner, J. (1983). Beliefs about beliefs: Representation and constraining function of wrong beliefs in young children's understanding of deception. Cognition, 13(1), 103-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0277(83)90004-5
Young, L., Cushman, F., Hauser, M., & Saxe, R. (2007). The neural basis of the interaction between theory of mind and moral judgment. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104(20), 8235-8240. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0701408104
Young, L., & Saxe, R. (2008). The neural basis of belief encoding and integration in moral judgment. Neuroimage, 40(4), 1912-1920. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.01.057
Young, L., Camprodon, J. A., Hauser, M., Pascual-Leone, A., & Saxe, R. (2010). Disruption of the right temporoparietal junction with transcranial magnetic stimulation reduces the role of beliefs in moral judgments. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107(15), 6753-6758. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0914826107
Apperly, I. A. (2008). Beyond simulation–theory and theory–theory: why social cognitive neuroscience should use its own concepts to study “Theory of Mind”. Cognition, 107(1), 266-283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2007.07.019
Ball, C. L., Smetana, J. G., & Sturge‐Apple, M. L. (2017). Following my head and my heart: Integrating preschoolers' empathy, theory of mind, and moral judgments. Child Development, 88(2), 597-611. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12605
Barclay, P. (2015). Reputation. En Buss, D (Ed) The Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology, (pp. 810-828). Wiley. http://www.patbarclay.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Barclay-Reputation-sending-version.pdf
Baron-Cohen, S., Leslie, A. M., & Frith, U. (1985). Does the autistic child have a “theory of mind”? Cognition, 21(1), 37-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8
Bloom, P., & German, T. P. (2000). Two reasons to abandon the false belief task as a test of theory of mind. Cognition, 77(1), 25-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0010-0277(00)00096-2
Butterfill, S. A., & Apperly, I. A. (2013). How to construct a minimal theory of mind. Mind & Language, 28(5), 606-637 https://doi.org/10.1111/mila.12036
Bzdok, D., Schilbach, L., Vogeley, K., Schneider, K., Laird, A. R., Langner, R., & Eickhoff, S. B. (2012). Parsing the neural correlates of moral cognition: ALE meta-analysis on morality, theory of mind, and empathy. Brain Structure and Function, 217(4), 783-796. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-012-0380-y
Chakroff, A., Dungan, J., Koster-Hale, J., Brown, A., Saxe, R., & Young, L. (2016). When minds matter for moral judgment: intent information is neurally encoded for harmful but not impure acts. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 11(3), 476-484. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsv131
Cushman, F., Sheketoff, R., Wharton, S., & Carey, S. (20 13). The development of intent-based moral judgment. Cognition, 127(1), 6-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2012.11.008
D'Esterre, A. P., Rizzo, M. T., & Killen, M. (2019). Unintentional and intentional falsehoods: The role of morally relevant theory of mind. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 177, 53-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2018.07.013
Fu, G., Xiao, W. S., Killen, M., & Lee, K. (2014). Moral judgment and its relation to second-order theory of mind. Developmental Psychology, 50(8), 2085. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0037077
Geipel, J., Hadjichristidis, C., & Surian, L. (2016). Foreign language affects the contribution of intentions and outcomes to moral judgment. Cognition, 154, 34-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2016.05.010
Goenaga, J. (2016). Revisión sistemática sobre juicio moral en toma de decisiones morales (2005-2015). Tesis de Maestría en Psicología. Medellín: Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de Antioquia.
Greene, J., & Haidt, J. (2002). How (and where) does moral judgment work? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 6(12), 517-523. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1364-6613(02)02011-9
Greene, J. D., Sommerville, R. B., Nystrom, L. E., Darley, J. M., & Cohen, J. D. (2001). An fMRI investigation of emotional engagement in moral judgment. Science, 293(5537), 2105-2108. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1062872
Haidt, J. (2001). The emotional dog and its rational tail: A social intuitionist approach to moral judgment. Psychological Review, 108, 814-834. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511814273.055
Killen, M., Mulvey, K. L., Richardson, C., Jampol, N., & Woodward, A. (2011). The
accidental transgressor: Morally-relevant theory of mind. Cognition, 119(2), 197-215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2011.01.006
Koster-Hale, J., Saxe, R., Dungan, J., & Young, L. L. (2013). Decoding moral judgments from neural representations of intentions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 201207992. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1207992110
Kuntoro, I. A., Dwiputri, G., & Adams, P. (2018). The contribution of parenting style and theory of mind to the understanding of morally relevant theory of mind in Indonesian children. Diversity in Unity: Perspectives from Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, 83 - 89. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315225302-11
Lane, J. D., Wellman, H. M., Olson, S. L., LaBounty, J., & Kerr, D. C. (2010). Theory of mind and emotion understanding predict moral development in early childhood. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 28(4), 871-889. https://doi.org/10.1348/026151009x483056
Li, L., Rizzo, M. T., Burkholder, A. R., & Killen, M. (2017). Theory of mind and resource allocation in the context of hidden inequality. Cognitive Development, 43, 25-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2017.02.001
Margoni, F., & Surian, L. (2017). Children’s intention-based moral judgments of
helping agents. Cognitive Development, 41, 46-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2016.12.001
Miller, S. A. (2009). Children’s understanding of second-order mental states. Psychological Bulletin, 135(5), 749. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016854
Monin, B., Pizarro, D. A., & Beer, J. S. (2007). Deciding versus reacting: Conceptions of moral judgment and the reason-affect debate. Review of general psychology, 11(2), 99-111. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.11.2.99
Moran, J. M. (2013). Lifespan development: The effects of typical aging on theory of mind. Behavioural Brain Research, 237, 32-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2012.09.020
Nobes, G., Panagiotaki, G., & Pawson, C. (2009). The influence of negligence, intention, and outcome on children’s moral judgments. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 104(4), 382-397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2009.08.001
Olson, K. R., & Spelke, E. S. (2008). Foundations of cooperation in young children. Cognition, 108(1), 222-231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2007.12.003
Ortiz, D. S. U., Botero, M. G., & Tobón, O. E. A. (2010). Teoría de la mente: una revisión acerca del desarrollo del concepto. Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Sociales, 1(1), 28-37. https://www.funlam.edu.co/revistas/index.php/RCCS/article/view/1169
Reddy, V., & Morris, P. (2004). Participants don’t need theories: knowing minds in engagement. Theory & Psychology, 14(5), 647-665. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230234383_5
Smetana, J. G., Jambon, M., Conry-Murray, C., & Sturge-Apple, M. L. (2012). Reciprocal Associations Between Young Children's Developing Moral Judgments and Theory of Mind. Developmental Psychology, 48(4), 1144-1155. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0025891
Sodian, B., Licata, M., Kristen‐Antonow, S., Paulus, M., Killen, M., & Woodward, A. (2016). Understanding of goals, beliefs, and desires predicts morally relevant theory of mind: A longitudinal investigation. Child Development, 87(4), 1221-1232. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12533
Tirapu-Ustárroz, J., Pérez-Sayes, G., Erekatxo-Bilbao, M., & Pelegrín-Valero, C. (2007). ¿Qué es la teoría de la mente? Revista de Neurología, 44(8), 479-489. https://doi.org/10.33588/rn.4408.2006295
Tomasello, M., & Vaish, A. (2013). Origins of human cooperation and morality. Annual review of psychology, 64, 231-255. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143812
Vaish, A., Carpenter, M., & Tomasello, M. (2010). Young children selectively avoid helping people with harmful intentions. Child Development, 81(6),
1661-1669. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01500.x
Wimmer, H., & Perner, J. (1983). Beliefs about beliefs: Representation and constraining function of wrong beliefs in young children's understanding of deception. Cognition, 13(1), 103-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0277(83)90004-5
Young, L., Cushman, F., Hauser, M., & Saxe, R. (2007). The neural basis of the interaction between theory of mind and moral judgment. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104(20), 8235-8240. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0701408104
Young, L., & Saxe, R. (2008). The neural basis of belief encoding and integration in moral judgment. Neuroimage, 40(4), 1912-1920. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.01.057
Young, L., Camprodon, J. A., Hauser, M., Pascual-Leone, A., & Saxe, R. (2010). Disruption of the right temporoparietal junction with transcranial magnetic stimulation reduces the role of beliefs in moral judgments. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107(15), 6753-6758. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0914826107
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Publicado
2020-06-05
Cómo citar
Goenaga, J., Sierra, D., Gallego, F., & Artunduaga, K. (2020). Variación intencional en tareas de Teoría de la Mente Moralmente relevante (MoToM). Cuadernos Hispanoamericanos De Psicología, 18(2), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.18270/chps.v18i2.3050
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