Promoción de actitudes compasivas y alimentación con atención plena en estudiantes universitarias con insatisfacción corporal: un estudio preliminar
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18270/chps..v21i1.3711Palabras clave:
insatisfacción corporal, alimentación con atención plena, actitudes compasivas, estudiantes universitariasResumen
La insatisfacción corporal representa un factor de alto riesgo para el desarrollo de trastornos alimentarios. Se han reportado altos índices de conducta alimentaria alterada e insatisfacción corporal en muestras de estudiantes universitarias. En las últimas décadas, se han destacado las intervenciones psicológicas basadas en principios de la tradición budista (atención plena y compasión) por los efectos observados en la reducción de diversas variables asociadas a estas patologías alimentarias. El objetivo del presente estudio fue desarrollar una intervención basada en estos principios y evaluar su eficacia en un grupo de estudiantes universitarias con insatisfacción corporal. Se llevó a cabo la asignación aleatoria de las estudiantes que aceptaron participar en el estudio a un grupo experimental (n=13) y a un grupo control (n=9); posterior a la intervención, se llevó a cabo un seguimiento a las doce semanas en el grupo experimental. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las comparaciones entre e intra-grupo en variables asociadas con conductas alimentarias de riesgo, atención plena y actitudes compasivas, las cuales se mantuvieron en el seguimiento. Asimismo, se observaron tamaños de efecto grandes (d) en la mayoría de las variables. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las variables asociadas con imagen corporal entre los grupos de estudio. Los resultados permiten robustecer los hallazgos de investigaciones previas al respecto.
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