Aspectos médicos de los efectos adversos del humo del tabaco y la salud humana
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18270/rsb.v12i2.4162Palabras clave:
Enfermedades cardiovasculares, Desórdenes neurológicos, Asma, Cáncer de pulmón, enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica, humo de cigarrilloResumen
Según los Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades, existe una tasa anual de 7 millones de muertes a causa del consumo de tabaco, y se espera que esta tasa aumente a 8 millones de muertes en 2030 en virtud de complicaciones de salud relacionadas con el tabaquismo. Además, es patético saber que casi más del 23% de los estudiantes de secundaria consumen tabaco, lo que de continuar al ritmo actual; unos 5,6 millones de adolescentes serían vulnerables a la muerte según menciona la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Por otro lado, los fumadores no solo se dañan a sí mismos sino que también aumentan la incidencia de neumonía, asma y bronquitis para los fumadores pasivos, que por cierto contribuyen al desarrollo de cáncer de pulmón y enfermedades cardiovasculares. Además, el síndrome de muerte infantil y el cáncer de pulmón de crecimiento lento son frecuentes en niños con exposición continua al humo de segunda mano. Estos efectos adversos surgen de la compleja mezcla de sustancias químicas presentes en partículas de tamaño submicrónico suspendidas en el humo del cigarrillo, como monóxido de carbono, benceno, óxidos de nitrógeno y otros gases. Así, parece que el tabaquismo se ha ido extendiendo a nivel mundial como una epidemia con devastadores trastornos letales representados en diversas enfermedades pulmonares, neurológicas y cardiovasculares. Por lo tanto, este artículo discute los efectos nocivos del humo del tabaco en la salud humana de acuerdo con las modernas tecnologías genéticas avanzadas utilizadas en investigaciones exploratorias para la relación entre el tabaquismo y la aparición de enfermedades humanas.
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