Revolución en la atención quirúrgica: exploración de los componentes esenciales de los programas de recuperación mejorada después de cirugía
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18270/rsb.v13i1.4441Palabras clave:
Recuperación mejorada después de la cirugía, Optimización preoperatoria, Estrategias intraoperatorias, Recuperación Postoperatoria, Barreras de implementaciónResumen
Introducción. La atención quirúrgica ha evolucionado significativamente a lo largo de los años, con la introducción de los programas de recuperación mejorada después de cirugía. Estos programas emergen como un enfoque transformador. Esta revisión de la literatura profundiza en sus elementos esenciales, con el objetivo de proporcionar una comprensión integral de su impacto en la atención perioperatoria y en los resultados del paciente.
Desarrollo. La fase preoperatoria de la recuperación mejorada implica una preparación meticulosa del paciente; incluye estrategias tales como asesoramiento preoperatorio, carga de carbohidratos y minimización de la preparación intestinal. Estos componentes en conjunto contribuyen a reducir la ansiedad preoperatoria, mejorar el estado nutricional y mitigar los efectos adversos del ayuno, lo que en última instancia facilita una mejor transición a la cirugía. Las consideraciones intraoperatorias se centran en técnicas que minimizan el estrés quirúrgico, optimizan el manejo de líquidos e implementan protocolos de alivio del dolor. Estas intervenciones críticas reducen las complicaciones quirúrgicas, aceleran la recuperación posoperatoria y disminuyen la duración de las estancias hospitalarias. La fase posoperatoria es una piedra angular con énfasis en la movilización temprana, la nutrición optimizada y el tratamiento multimodal del dolor. Al incorporar estos elementos, los programas apuntan a acelerar la recuperación, disminuir el riesgo de complicaciones y mejorar la satisfacción del paciente. Sin embargo, a pesar de los beneficios evidentes, la implementación de estos programas en la práctica clínica no está exenta de desafíos. Esta revisión analiza las barreras para su adopción, incluidas la resistencia al cambio, la asignación de recursos y la necesidad de equipos multidisciplinarios.
Conclusión. La recuperación mejorada después de cirugía representa una revolución en la atención quirúrgica; ofrece un enfoque holístico para la salud del paciente, mejora los resultados, reduce las complicaciones y acorta las estancias hospitalarias. Al explorar sus componentes clave, esta revisión de la literatura proporciona información valiosa sobre el potencial de una adopción generalizada y la necesidad imperativa de superar las barreras de implementación. En última instancia, estos programas de recuperación mejorada después de cirugía buscan revolucionar el futuro de la atención quirúrgica, al redefinir estándares y mejorar la calidad general de las experiencias de los pacientes.
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