Oligoelementos e hipotiroidismo primário e subclínico no ciclo de vida humana: uma revisão das revisões
Traços e hipotiroidismo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18270/rsb.v12i2.4051Palavras-chave:
Hipotiroidismo; Oligoelementos; Iodo; Selénio; Revisão sistemática, Meta-análise.Resumo
Introdução: o hipotiroidismo é altamente prevalecente a nível mundial e os elementos vestigiais desempenham um papel importante na síntese e metabolismo das hormonas da tiróide. As provas científicas sobre a sua relação são abundantes e difíceis de encontrar, portanto, o objectivo era descrever a relação dos elementos vestigiais com a prevenção e tratamento do hipotiroidismo primário e subclínico nas fases do ciclo de vida humana. Material e métodos: Revisão de revisões envolvendo revisões sistemáticas e meta-análises em PubMed, BVS, Embase, Cochrane, Scielo e SCOPUS até 17 de Junho de 2020. A qualidade dos artigos foi avaliada utilizando AMSTARD-2. Resultados: 940 artigos foram encontrados e 10 foram seleccionados. Sete revisões incluíam apenas experiências e eram de alta qualidade. A suplementação com iodo tem efeitos bilaterais dependendo do grupo etário e da dose, aumentando ou diminuindo a TSH, excreção urinária e tiroglobulina. A suplementação com selénio só mostrou eficácia na redução de TPOAb e TgAb quando utilizada com levothyroxina. Discussão: a relação de selénio e iodo com os níveis de TSH, tiroglobulina e TPOAb foi identificada em mulheres grávidas, adultos, crianças e adolescentes. Não foram encontradas revisões em adultos mais velhos. As provas científicas postulam a relação do hipotiroidismo com Fe, Zn e Cu, mas não há revisões sistemáticas disponíveis. Conclusão Só foram encontradas revisões sistemáticas e meta-análises relacionadas com a suplementação com selénio e iodo e a sua associação com hormonas da tiróide. As suas concentrações estão dependentes do ciclo de vida estudado.
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