Situación de la violencia sexual en Colombia, 2012-2016
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18270/rce.v18i1.2340Palabras clave:
violencia sexual, víctimas sexuales, vigilancia en salud pública, impactos en la salud, prevalencia, servicios de salud, profilaxis posexposición, violencia contra la mujer, víctima de abuso sexual, abuso sexualResumen
Objective: To determine the prevalence and characteristics of sexual violence in Colombia during the period between 2012-2016. Materials and methods: A quantitative and descriptive study of all cases of sexual violence reported to SIVIGILA from 2012 to 2016 was conducted. Results: 73,986 cases of sexual violence were reported to SIVIGILA, 74.78% of which occurred in the municipal capitals with 65.91% of the cases occurring in the homes of the victims. 88% of the victims were women and 49.92% of the total number of victims were teenagers. 91.90% of the aggressors were men, who on average were 30 years old. 50.65% of the aggressors did not live with the victim. 26.1% of the victims received prophylaxis for HIV / AIDS, 17.0% received prophylaxis for the hepatitis B virus, 45.42% received mental health care, 31.84% of the victims were referred to protection, and 56.99% were reported to the competent authorities. Conclusion: Of the 73,986 cases of sexual violence, a rise in prevalence was found, starting with 13.45% of the cases occurring in 2012 and rising to 27.96% of the cases occurring in 2016. The principle victims were women in the vital life cycles, adolescence, infancy and early infancy, and the primary aggressors were males of an average 30 years of age.
Descargas
Referencias bibliográficas
Hiquet J, Gromb-Monnoyeur S. Men victim of sexual assault of concern into the first Emergency Medical Unit for Victims of Assaults in France. J. Forensic Leg. Med. 2013, 20(7), 836-41.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2013.06.024
Powers RA. Predictors of self-protective behaviors in non-sexual violent encounters: The role of victim sex in understanding resistance. Soc. Sci. Res. 2014, 48, 279-94.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2014.07.003
Kamiya Y, Timonen V, Kenny RA. The impact of childhood sexual abuse on the mental and physical health, and healthcare utilization of older adults. Int Psychogeriatr. 2016, 28(3), 415-22.
https://doi.org/10.1017/s1041610215001672
Calvo G, Camacho R. La violencia de género: evolución, impacto y claves para su abordaje. Enferm Global. 2014, 13(33), 424-39.
http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1695-61412014000100022
Dallos MI, Pinzón-Amado A, Barrera CA, Mujica JA, Meneses YR. Impact of sexual violence on the Victims’ Mental Health in Bucaramanga, Colombia. Rev. Colomb. Psiquiatr. 2008, 37(1), 56-65.
http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0034-74502008000100005&lng=en&nrm=iso
Miller KE, Cranston CC, Davis JL, Newman E, Resnick H. Psychological outcomes after a sexual assault video intervention: a randomized trial. J Forensic Nurs. 2015, 11(3), 129-36.
https://doi.org/10.1097/jfn.0000000000000080
Frías SM, Finkelhor D. Victimizations of mexican youth (12-17 years old): a 2014 National Survey. Child Abuse Negl. 2017, 67, 86-97.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.02.013
Machado CL, de Azevedo, RCS, Facuri CO, Vieira MN, Fernandes AS. Posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and hopelessness in women who are victims of sexual violence. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2011, 113(1), 58-62.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgo.2010.10.016
Kelley EL, Gidycz CA. Labeling of sexual assault and its relationship with sexual functioning: the mediating role of coping. J Interpers Violence. 2015, 30(2), 348-66.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260514534777
Blake MdT, Drezett J, Vertamatti MA, Adami F, Valenti VE, Paiva AC, et ál. Characteristics of sexual violence against adolescent girls and adult women. BMC Womens Health. 2014, (14):15.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6874-14-15
Gilmore AK, Lewis MA, George WH. A randomized controlled trial targeting alcohol use and sexual assault risk among college women at high risk for victimization. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2015, 74(supl. C), 38-49.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2015.08.007
Chaffin M, Kelleher K, Hollenberg J. Onset of physical abuse and neglect: psychiatric, substance abuse, and social risk factors from prospective community data. Child Abuse & Neglect. 1996, 20(3), 191-203.
https://doi.org/10.1016/s0145-2134(95)00144-1
Carabellese F, Maniglio R, Greco O, Catanesi R. The role of fantasy in a serial sexual offender: a brief review of the literature and a case report. J Forensic Sci. 2011, 56(1), 256-60.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1556-4029.2010.01536.x
Eiden C, Cathala P, Fabresse N, Galea Y, Mathieu-Daudé J, Baccino E, et ál. A case of drug-facilitated sexual assault involving 3,4-methylenedioxy-methylamphetamine. J Psychoactive Drugs. 2013, 45(1), 94-97.
https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2013.763573
Friedman MS, Marshal MP, Guadamuz TE, Wei C, Wong CF, Saewyc EM, et ál. A meta-analysis of disparities in childhood sexual abuse, parental physical abuse, and peer victimization among sexual minority and sexual nonminority individuals. Am J Public Health. 2011, 101(8), 1481-94.
https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2009.190009
Johnson ID, Hiller ML. Rural location and relative location: adding community context to the study of sexual assault survivor time until presentation for medical care. J Interpers Violence. 2016, August.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260516663900
Heerde JA, Scholes-Balog KE, Hemphill SA. Associations between youth homelessness, sexual offenses, sexual victimization, and sexual risk behaviors: a systematic literature review. Arch Sex Behav. 2015, 44(1), 181-212.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-014-0375-2
Yun I, Jung S, Yoo J. Disability and violent victimization in a national sample of adolescents: a longitudinal study. Violence Vict. 2015, 30(6), 1099-1116.
https://doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-14-00008
Cerdas L, Arroyo C, Gómez A, Holst I, Angulo Y, Vargas M, et ál. Epidemiology of rapes in Costa Rica: characterization of victims, perpetrators and circumstances surrounding forced intercourse. Forensic Sci Int. 2014, 242, 204-9.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.06.006
Restrepo-Gutiérrez AC, Salcedo-Cifuentes M, Bermúdez-Escobar A. Violencia sexual en jóvenes de 10 a 19 años. Cali, 2001-2006. Rev Salud Pública. 2009, 11(6), 887-97.
https://doi.org/10.1590/s0124-00642009000600005
Sharaf ED, Abeer AI, Elkholy SMS, Metwally ES, Farag HA. Pattern of female sexual assault in Qalyubia Governorate, Egypt, during the period from 2009 to 2013: a retrospective study. Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 2015, 36(4), 276-84.
https://doi.org/10.1097/PAF.0000000000000182
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26196269
Grossin C, Sibille I, Lorin de la Grandmaison G, Banasr A, Brion F, Durigon M. Analysis of 418 cases of sexual assault. Forensic Sci. Int.. 2003, 131(2), 125-30.
https://doi.org/10.1016/s0379-0738(02)00427-9
Fiestas F, Rojas R, Gushiken A, Gozzer E. Who is the victim and who the offender in intimate partner physical violence? An epidemiological study in seven cities of Peru. Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica. 2012, 29(1), 44-52.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22510906
Guimarães J, Villela WV. Características da violência física e sexual contra crianças e adolescentes atendidos no IML de Maceió, Alagoas, Brasil. Cad Saude Publica. 2011, 27(8), 1647-53.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-311X2011000800019
Thureau S, Blanc-Louvry IL, Thureau S, Gricourt C, Proust B. Conjugal violence: a comparison of violence against men by women and women by men. J. Forensic Leg. Med. 2015, 31, 42-46.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2014.12.014
Ohayi RS, Ezugwu EC, Chigbu CO, Arinze-Onyia SU, Iyoke CA. Prevalence and pattern of rape among girls and women attending Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, southeast Nigeria. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2015, 130(1), 10-13.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgo.2015.02.017
Badejoko OO, Anyabolu HC, Badejoko BO, Ijarotimi AO, Kuti O, Adejuyigbe EA. Sexual assault in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Niger Med J. 2014, 55(3), 254-9.
https://doi.org/10.4103/0300-1652.132065
Cabelus N, Sheridan G. Forensic investigation of sex crimes in Colombia. J Forensic Nurs. 2007, 3(3-4), 112-6.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-3938.2007.tb00096.x
Orchowski LM, Untied AS, Gidycz CA. Social reactions to disclosure of sexual victimization and adjustment among survivors of sexual assault. J Interpers Violence. 2013, 28(10), 2005-23.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260512471085
Frank O. Victimización y violencia sexual en el conflicto armado en Colombia. 2015, 19(2), 173-86.
http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=339643529009
Carrasco E. El problema del sujeto activo del delito de violación y sus posibles vacíos legales. Ius et Praxis. 2007, 13(2), 137-55.
https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-00122007000200007
Manzini JL. Declaración de Helsinki: principios éticos para la investigación médica sobre sujetos humanos. Acta Bioethica. 2000, 6(2), 321-34.
https://doi.org/10.4067/s1726-569x2000000200010
Lopera MM. Revisión comentada de la legislación colombiana en ética de la investigación en salud. Biomédica. 2017, 37(4), 577-89.
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor
La Revista Colombiana de Enfermeríade la Facultad de Enfermería de la Universidad El Bosque es una publicación científica, de acceso abierto, y que permite la consulta, lectura, copia, distribución y exhibición de los textos completos de sus artículos sin costo alguno para los usuarios, esto en aras de fomentar un mayor intercambio de conocimiento global, siempre y cuando se dé testimonio de la autoría del mismos y no se busque la obtención de beneficios comerciales por parte de terceros. Ni la Revista ni la Universidad asumen responsabilidad alguna por los puntos de vista expresados por los autores. Los nombres de equipos, materiales y productos manufacturados, incluyendo fármacos que eventualmente puedan mencionarse, no implican recomendación ni propaganda para su uso y sólo se mencionan como identificación genérica.
Los autores ceden sus derechos patrimoniales a la revista. Los manuscritos se publican bajo una Creative Commons Attribution License que permite a otros compartir el trabajo con un reconocimiento de la autoría del trabajo y la publicación inicial en esta revista.
