Trace elements and primary and subclinical hypothyroidism in the human life cycle: a review of reviews
Trace elements and hypothyroidism
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18270/rsb.v12i2.4051Keywords:
Hypothyroidism; Trace elements; Iodine; Selenium; Systematic review, Meta-analysis.Abstract
Introduction: hypothyroidism is highly prevalent worldwide and trace elements play an important role in the synthesis and metabolism of thyroid hormones. Scientific evidence on their relationship is abundant and difficult to find, therefore, the objective was to describe the relationship of trace elements with the prevention and treatment of primary and subclinical hypothyroidism in the stages of the human life cycle. Methodology: Review of reviews involving systematic reviews and meta-analyses in PubMed, BVS, Embase, Cochrane, Scielo and SCOPUS up to 17 June 2020. The quality of the articles was assessed using AMSTARD-2. Results: 940 articles were found and 10 were selected. Seven reviews included only experiments and had high quality. Iodine supplementation has bilateral effects according to age group and dose, increasing or decreasing TSH, urinary excretion and thyroglobulin. Selenium supplementation only showed effectiveness in reducing TPOAb and TgAb when used with levothyroxine. Discussion: The relationship of selenium and iodine with TSH, Thyroglobulin and TPOAb levels was identified in pregnant women, adults, children and adolescents. No reviews were found in older adults. Scientific evidence postulates the relationship of hypothyroidism with Fe, Zn and Cu, but no systematic reviews are available. Conclusions: Only systematic reviews and meta-analyses related to selenium and iodine supplementation and their association with thyroid hormones were found. Their concentrations and association are dependent on the life cycle studied.
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