Desigualdades y derechos sociales en el contexto de la pandemia de COVID-19: la solidaridad internacional como marco bioético
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18270/rcb.v17i1.3974Resumen
Propósito/Contexto. Este artículo tiene como objetivo discutir los impactos de la pandemia CO-VID-19 en los derechos sociales - el derecho a la salud, el derecho al trabajo, el derecho a la edu-cación y el derecho a una alimentación adecuada.
Metodología/Enfoque. El enfoque metodológico que sustenta la elaboración de este artículo es teórico, cuyo alcance es desarrollar aportes teóricos y aplicarlos a un objeto particular
Resultados/Hallazgos. El artículo hace una contribución teórica al debate en lo que respecta a las repercusiones en el ámbito de la desigualdad social, y proponer la solidaridad internacional como un marco bioético universal para apoyar medidas globales para abordar tales impactos.
Discusión/Conclusiones/Contribuciones. Se concluye que el marco de solidaridad internacional brinda sustento teórico y una herramienta discursiva y normativa con miras a fortalecer los esfuer-zos globales para enfrentar los efectos de la pandemia COVID-19.
Descargas
Referencias bibliográficas
ADEBESI, YA et al. COVID-19 Highlights the Need for Inclusive Responses to Public Health Emergencies in Africa, Am. J. Trop.Med. Hyg, v. 104(2), 2021, p.449-452.
ADOM, D; HUSSEIN, EK; ADU, AJ. (2018). Theoretical and Conceptual Framework: Mandatory Ingredients of a Quality Research. Acceso el 2 de abril de 2021. https://www.worldwidejournals.com/international-journal-of-scientific-research-(IJSR)/article/theoretical-and-conceptual-framework-mandatory-ingredients-of-a-quality-research/MTM5NDE=/?is=1.
ALBUQUERQUE, A. BARROSO, A. Curso de Direitos Humanos. Rio de Janeiro: Lumen Juris; 2020.
ALLIANCE FOR MULTILATERALISM. (2020). We need strong global cooperation and solidarity to fight COVID-19. http://www.oas.org/fpdb/press/Declaration-AfM-COVID-final.pdf.
AZCONA, G et al. (2020). From insights to Action: Gender equality in the wake of COVID-19. https://interactive.unwomen.org/multimedia/explainer/covid19/en/index.html?gclid=CjwKCAjw7--KBhAMEiwAxfpkWOlGBymkG3Lfa1ZVNAwyc3zgBEL6VDzaalXCuByHlP4_b4OetiYofRoCjGkQAvD_BwE
BACHELLET, M. (2021). A. United Nations Human Right. Appeal 2021. https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/AnnualAppeal2021.pdf.
BROWN, W. Nas ruínas do neoliberalismo: a ascensão da política antidemocrática no ocidente. São Paulo: Politeia, 2020.
COMMITTEE ON ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS. CESCR General Comment No. 14: The Right to the Highest Attainable Standard of Health (Art. 12). https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/4538838d0.pdf.
COMMITTEE ON ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS. The Right to Work. General comment No. 18. Adopted on 24 November 2005.Article 6 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. GE.06 40313 (E) 080206.
COMMITTEE ON ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS General Comment No. 13: The right to education (article 13) (1999). https://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/Education/Training/Compilation/Pages/d)GeneralCommentNo13Therighttoeducation(article13)(1999).aspx.
COMMITTEE ON ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS. General Comment 12 (Twentieth session, 1999) The right to adequate food (art. 11). https://undocs.org/E/C.12/1999/5.
DEATON, A.(2020). Covid-19 and Global Income Inequality. https://ppr.lse.ac.uk/articles/10.31389/lseppr.26/.
DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL AFFAIRS. (2015). Concepts of Inequality Development Issues No. 1. https://www.un.org/en/development/despolicy/wess/wess_dev_issues/dsp_policy_01.pdf.
DONNELLY, J. Universal Human Rights. In theory & practice. New York: Cornell; 2003.
EDITORIAL, The Lancet, v. 5, 2020.
ELGAR, FJ; STEFANIAK, A.; WOHL, MJA. (2020). The trouble with trust: Time-series analysis of social capital, income inequality, and COVID-19 deaths in 84 countries, Soc Sci Med, v. 263, doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113365.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE OF SOCIAL RIGHTS. (2021). Statement on COVID-19 and social rights. https://rm.coe.int/statement-of-the-ecsr-on-covid-19-and-social-rights/1680a230ca.
EUROPEAN COUNCIL. (2021). European Committee of Social Rights .https://www.coe.int/en/web/european-social-charter/60-anniversary.
FAKHRI, M. (2021). Right to food. Report of the Special Rapporteur on the right to food, Michael Fakhri. https://undocs.org/A/HRC/46/33.
GUTERREZ. A. (2021). United Nations Human Right. Appeal 2021. https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/AnnualAppeal2021.pdf.
HARARI, YN. Notas sobre a pandemia. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras; 2020.
Hattingh, J. (2020). A question of international solidarity. https://en.unesco.org/courier/2019-3/question-international-solidarity.
HANSSON P; STEFANSDOTTIR, A B. Nordic Solidarity and COVID-19, Small States & Territories, v. 4(1), 2021, p. 29-44.
HIRAIDE, Lydia. (2013). Social Inequality. http://www.bishopstopfords.enfield.sch.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/social_inequality.pdf.
HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL. (2021). Impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic on the enjoyment of human rights around the world including good practices and areas of concern.
HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH. (2021). Problems with education around the world during Covid-19. https://www.hrw.org/report/2021/05/17/years-dont-wait-them/increased-inequalities-childrens-right-education-due-covid.
INDEPENDENT EXPERT ON HUMAN RIGHTS AND INTERNATIONAL SOLIDARITY. (2020). https://www.ohchr.org/en/issues/solidarity/pages/iesolidarityindex.aspx.
INTERNATIONAL LABOR ORGANIZATIONS. (2021). ILO Monitor: COVID-19 and the world of work. Seventh edition Updated estimates and analysis. https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/documents/briefingnote/wcms_767028.pdf.
JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY AND MEDICINE (2021). https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html.
LI, J et al. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 and policy responses on Australian income distribution and poverty. https://arxiv.org/abs/2009.04037.
MARÍ-DELL’OLMO, M. et al. (2021). Socioeconomic Inequalities in COVID-19 in a European Urban Area: Two Waves, Two Patterns, Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, v. 18(3), pp. 1256. doi:10.3390/ijerph18031256
MARQUES, RS et al. Pandemias, crises e capitalismo. São Paulo: Expressão Popular; 2021.
OCDE. (2018). Equity Indicators. https://www.oecd.org/berlin/47570121.pdf.
OKAFOR, J. (2021). Greater international solidarity still needed to fight pandemic, says expert. https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/IE_Solidarity.aspx.
PAROEMER, L. COVID-19 pandemic and the social determinants of health. The BMJ, v. 372(129), 2021, doi: 10.1136.
SPECIAL RAPPORTEUR ON THE RIGHT TO FOOD. (2021). Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food: the COVID-19 Pandemic has Laid Bare the Inequities of the Food System and Accelerated it. https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=26827&LangID=E.
STANDING, G. O precariado: a nova classe perigosa. São Paulo: Nupsi-USP; 2020.
THE WORLD BANK. (2021). Food Security and COVID-19. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/agriculture/brief/food-security-and-covid-19.
UNITED NATIONS. (2020). World Social Report 2020 Inequality In A Rapidly Changing World. https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/World-Social-Report-2020-FullReport.pdf.
UNITED NATIONS. (2021). United Nations Human Right. Appeal 2021. https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/AnnualAppeal2021.pdf.
WILDE, L. (2007). The Concept of Solidarity: Emerging from the Theoretical Shadows? The British Journal of International Relations, 2007; doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-856x.2007.00275.x
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. (2021). https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/question-and-answers-hub/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-covid-19.
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. HUMAN REPRODUCTION PROGRAMME. (2020). Addressing Human Rights as Key to the COVID-19 Response. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/addressing-human-rights-as-key-to-the-covid-19-response.
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Los autores que publican en esta revista están de acuerdo con los siguientes términos:
Los autores conservan los derechos de autor y garantizan a la revista el derecho de ser la primera publicación del trabajo al igual que licenciado bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Atribución – No Comercial 4.0 Internacional, que permite a otros compartir el trabajo con un reconocimiento de la autoría del trabajo y la publicación inicial en esta revista.
Las condiciones de la licencia pueden consultarse en este vínculo.
Los autores pueden establecer por separado acuerdos adicionales para la distribución no exclusiva de la versión de la obra publicada en la revista (por ejemplo, situarlo en un repositorio institucional o publicarlo en un libro), con un reconocimiento de su publicación inicial en esta revista.
Se permite y se anima a los autores a difundir sus trabajos electrónicamente (por ejemplo, en repositorios institucionales o en su propio sitio web) antes y durante el proceso de envío, ya que puede dar lugar a intercambios productivos, así como a una citación más temprana y mayor de los trabajos publicados (Véase The Effect of Open Access) (en inglés).
