Historizar la objetividad
la matematización y automatización de la sistemática molecular en la reconstrucción de la historia de la vida
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18270/rcfc.v18i37.2578Palabras clave:
Objetividad, Objetividad, sistemática;, sistemática;, filogenias, filogenias, computadoras, computadoras, estadística, estadística, algoritmos, algoritmosResumen
En este artículo defendemos un punto de vista historicista respecto a la relación entre historia y filosofía de la ciencia. En particular, argumentamos que el problema filosófico de la objetividad de las prácticas científicas debe ser guiado por el estudio detallado del contexto de los problemas y las prácticas de investigación de cada campo o disciplina particular. Para ello, nos enfocamos en el proceso de matematización de los criterios y decisiones en la sistemática, ocurrido a partir de la década de 1960, cuyo objetivo ha sido la elaboración de reconstrucciones objetivas de las relaciones filogenéticas entre seres vivos; estas prácticas también pueden formularse como una “eliminación de la subjetividad”, posible gracias a la molecularización del estudio de la evolución biológica y la introducción de bases de datos masivas de secuencias de proteínas y ácidos nucleicos, así como el uso de computadoras y algoritmos matemáticos. La atención a disputas filosóficas entre cladistas, evolucionistas y feneticistas ha obstaculizado la producción de narrativas históricas centradas en prácticas, y la reflexión epistemológica fructífera sobre el tema de la objetividad en el trabajo científico.
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